BedzoneII says:
I'm sorry I cannot find the roll cap of 10, but no worries, I'm not too bothered by this as the DM always gets to determine DC level anyway, so it's essentially a +10 to difficulty, understood.
Okay I did a quick look with no success but I am pretty sure the concept is within the DnD5e guidelines somewhere if I stumble across it again I will share that information with everyone here but it only applies to things like Knowledge skills and other skills that are not something you just know how to do. Basically if you are not actually skilled in something of this nature the best you can do are the things that are considered Easy (DC 10).
BedzoneII says:
Still clarifying: so not having the tools means no proficiency bonus is granted AND the roll is disadvantaged? Whereas having the tools gives the proficiency bonus and does not disadvantage the roll, am I correct?
No having or not having the Tools has nothing to do with ones Proficiency with those Tools (or more precisely the Skill those Tools represent) you are either proficient or you are not proficient simple as that and that is based off of whether you took the set of Tools as a proficiency during character creation or pick that proficiency up later on.
The Disadvantage comes into play when you are attempting to do something with "make shift" tools. Basically anything that is not the precise set of tools you need to do the job properly. Or simply put you are trying to use the Skill associated with a set of Tools without having those set of Tools. And since anyone can use a set of tools, if one has the proper set of tools they do not suffer Disadvantage when attempting to perform a task (aka use the Skill associated with the Tools) that those tools were designed to do.
Now again anyone can use the Tools with or without proficiency in them just those who are proficient with them (aka have the Skill associated with the Tools) are much better at it. Which is reflected by the proficient individual getting to use their proficiency bonus with those Tools (aka its associated Skill) and by the fact that if you are not proficient with the Tools (aka its associated Skill) then the best you can get with a check is a 10 as you simply do not have the know how to do perform whatever task you are trying to perform at a significantly high level nor can you perform the more difficult tasks someone proficient with the Tools (aka its associated Skill) can do.
To Re-Cap for Clarity
1) Proficiency Bonus is applied to any Skill (the Tools represent a Skill) that you are proficient in.
2) Performing a Skill (again the Tools represent a Skill) that requires a certain set of Tools (not every skill requires one to use Tools) without having those Tools in hand suffers Disadvantage but can still attempt the Skill (again Tools represent a Skill)
3) If you are attempting to use a Skill (again the Tools represent a Skill whether you have those Tools or not is irrelevant to attempting the Skill associated with those Tools) that you are not Proficient in that actually requires knowledge of or training in then the best result you can get on a 1d20 roll is a 10. You are still allowed to roll that 1d20 as this just means doing the Easy stuff is still Easy to do even for the non-proficient. So far these kind of Skills are limited to Knowledge based Skills and Tool based Skills
BedzoneII says:
Or did you mean for PCs to have a skill of craft skills, like what you listed, ie. brewing, alchemy, cartography etc? And this is what grants proficency. And this is separate from whether you own the tools for it or not, which detemines a normal or a disadvantaged roll.
The problem and the confusion in my opinion comes in due to how the Skill is denoted within the Guidelines instead of defining a Skill that needs a certain set of Tools they defined a set of Tools that represents the Skill that is needed to use them. So there becomes a blurring between the actual Skill and the Tools that Skill needs to be performed properly.
For instance say you are a trained Carpenter (proficient in the Skill Carpentry) and you know how to use the many Tools associated with Carpentry (aka Carpenter's Tools). Now you are tasked with putting a complicated wooden box together if you have the appropriate Carpenter's Tools (Hammer, Hand Saw, Measuring Tape, Nails, etc...) doing so is fairly straight forward. However if you have inappropriate tools (Slightly Bent Nails, a Brick, pocket knife, etc...) you could still build the box just not as easily nor probably as well (aka with Disadvantage). Conversely if you are not a trained Carpenter but you have the proper Carpenter's Tools (Hammer, Hand Saw, Measuring Tape, Nails, etc...) while you do not suffer Disadvantage you still cannot do the job better than someone who is trained at being a Carpenter and if the task is something beyond the basics (more difficult than a 10) you will simply fail at trying to do it because you simply do not have the know how. Of course if you are not a trained Carpenter and you do not have the appropriate Carpenter's Tools not only can you not do it as well as a trained Carpenter but just like the trained Carpenter you are going to suffer Disadvantage.
I hope that explains it better