Not a game, but the Alastair Reynolds book Revenger takes place in the far, far, future of our solar system. Since the present, various human civilisations have risen in power and fallen, over tens of thousands of years, and many of them have left behind mysterious caches of technology/weapons/treasure, hidden inside what are basically giant space-dungeons orbiting the sun, full of strange technology and deadly traps. Treasure hunters risk their lives to get in and salvage as much treasure as they can carry, within a tight time limit (the caches automatically open and close their doors every so often). Translated into TTRPG you'd have a lot of puzzles to figure out, plus maybe some ancient warbots or security drones to contend with.
As for video games - the original Fallout RPGs (i.e. Fallout and Fallout 2) had various areas like old military bases, the Vaults, super-mutant hideouts, caves, oil rigs, etc that would work as dungeons.