Standings double as resources and stats - you can spend standings to achieve outcomes. Spending a standing is not a permanent reduction of that standing, you recover standings as time passes (or as you rest), and so doesn't affect your Willpower. I tried to describe how Standings work and spending them works in this post
here.
Your Resiliences are a resource you can 'spend'. Damage is accrued when things act against you (or you fail and 'harm' yourself - which resilience is affected depends on what kind of harm is suffered).
I do find with this system, since it is so loose and free wheeling, that there's lots of ways one can go about mechanically representing things (such as carrying on through the night).
I felt that 'pushing through the night' was less 'harm' and more an act of determination, which to me felt like the kind of thing you spend 1 Spirit to do (you actively spend standings) instead of losing 1 Willpower (seems to me you'd lose resilience in the case that you were FORCEd to carry in, but here you choose).