Adjustment points are points you can use to increase your attribute scores at character generation. Normally, a character can only have attribute scores of 1-6 at chargen. Using adjustment points, you can add to them so that they are higher, subject to your race. You can add them specifically for those attributes that go beyond 6 for your race. (eg a Troll can have 1-9 Strength. You can use 6 attribute points to make it 6, and an additional 3 adjustment points to 'adjust' it to 9.)
They can also be added to Edge, Magic or Resonance.